what are the main success factors of microfinance institutions in providing financial services to poor people in a sustainable manner? in this article we try to answer this question. in one hand, we analyze the core compatibility between microeconomics of asymmetric information, transaction cost and risk, and new different operational mechanisms applied by microfinance institutions. on the othe...

although organizational learning is often known as a goal, in the view of many stakeholders, the final aim of many organizations is optimization of financial results such as productivity, and  innovation is among various factors which optimizes the organizations financial performance, however, as firms seek financial performance improvement, higher profit and minimum cost, it is necessary to un...

INTRODUCTION This study sought to estimate the incidence, average cost, and total direct medical costs for fatal and non-fatal fall injuries in hospital, ED, and out-patient settings among U.S. adults aged 65 or older in 2012, by sex and age group and to report total direct medical costs for falls inflated to 2015 dollars. METHOD Incidence data came from the 2012 National Vital Statistics Sys...

OBJECTIVE To compare three pediatric asthma interventions for their impact on improving the health status of inner-city asthmatic children and in achieving cost savings. STUDY DESIGN A total of 212 children 1 to 16 years of age were randomized into three groups: group 1 (n = 74) received one individualized asthma education session; group 2 (n = 68) received reinforced asthma education; group ...

BACKGROUND Treatment adherence is one of the key factors for achieving optimal clinical outcomes. In order to assess costs related to adherence to, and persistence and compliance with, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a narrative review of the literature was performed. Satisfaction with and preference for DMTs and their delivery devices were also asse...

Restorative home-care services, or re-ablement home-care services as they are now known in the UK, aim to assist older individuals who are experiencing difficulties in everyday living to optimise their functioning and reduce their need for ongoing home care. Until recently, the effectiveness of restorative home-care services had only been investigated in terms of singular outcomes such as lengt...

Background We hypothesize that reusable, on-site specialty instrument trays available to plastic surgery residents in the emergency department (ED) for bedside procedures are more cost-effective than disposable on-site and remote re-usable operating room (OR) instruments at our institution. Methods We completed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the use of disposable on-site kits and rem...