Reliable flooding in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is desirable for a broad range of applications and network operations. However, it is a challenging problem to ensure 100% flooding coverage efficiently considering the combined effects of low-duty-cycle operation and unreliable wireless transmission. In this work, we propose a novel dynamic switching-based reliable flooding (DSRF) framework,...

Results: The experimental results showed that the recovery of variable concentrations polymer flooding was higher than that of constant concentration polymer flooding, under conditions of same total amount of polymer and similar water flooding recovery. Its sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency were also significantly higher than those of constant concentration polymer flooding. Moreover...

Spring flooding in riparian forests can cause significant reductions in earlywood-vessel size in submerged stem parts of ring-porous tree species, leading to the presence of 'flood rings' that can be used as a proxy to reconstruct past flooding events, potentially over millennia. The mechanism of flood-ring formation and the relation with timing and duration of flooding are still to be elucidat...

INTRODUCTION July 2007 brought unprecedented levels of flooding to the United Kingdom. Health and financial implications were vast and still are emerging. Hydrological disasters will increase in frequency. Therefore, individual preparedness is paramount, as it may mitigate some of the devastating impacts of flooding. Literature on individual preparedness for flooding is scarce, so it is key tha...

The Biqian-10 block, located in Henan Oilfield of Sinopic, contains many thin and interbedded reservoirs, which have been operated by cyclic steam stimulation for 20 years or more. Therefore, it is a challenge to implement the conventional steam flooding. In order to improve the recovery of steam flooding, urea was used to assist steam flooding. Urea can decompose into CO2 and NH3, which are be...

Aim at the reservoir characteristics of Suizhong 36-1 Oil Field, this paper has developed typical twodimensional physical model in parallel between the layers and studied the macroscopic displacement effect of polymer flooding and binary compound flooding, and studied the interlayer spread law and oil displacement efficiency of polymer flooding and binary combination flooding by using saturatio...

“Flooding” is a fundamental operation in unstructured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing systems, such as Gnutella. Although it is effective in content search, flooding is very inefficient because it results in a great amount of redundant messages. Our study shows that more than 70% of the generated messages are redundant for a flooding with a TTL of 7 in a moderately connected network. Existing e...

The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed, FGS and Azar2) at sta...