We have used variable cooling rate ellipsometric measurements to probe the slow dynamics in thin supported polystyrene films. For the slowest cooling rates (approximately 1 K/min) the measured Tg values are reduced below the bulk value with the measured Tg of 341 K for a 6 nm film. As the cooling rate is increased the Tg reductions become smaller until at cooling rates >90 K/min there is only s...

AbsiractCooling rates for seven hexahedrites. (Uwet. Coahuila. Walker County, Lombard. Quillagua. Hex River Mountains and Tocopilla) have been determined using a ternary diffusion controlled phase growth analysis developed by the authors. The model is applied to the exsolution and growth of plate phosphides in the kamacite phase of hexahedrites during cooling of the meteorite in its parent body...

We present a statistical study of the occurrence and effects of the cooling cores in the clusters of galaxies in a flux-limited sample, HIFLUGCS, based on ROSAT and ASCA observations. About 49% of the clusters in this sample have a significant, classically-calculated cooling-flow, mass-deposition rate. The upper envelope of the derived mass-deposition rate is roughly proportional to the cluster...

A thermal vapor transport process has been employed for fabrication of boron-related (boron, boron–silicon alloys, and MgB2) nanowire films on Au-coated Si and MgO substrates. Tangled polycrystalline as well as aligned single-crystalline boron nanowires (BNWs) have been obtained and their growth mechanism investigated at different growth temperatures, cooling rates, and vapor sources. The growt...

Cooling of gas turbine hot section components such as combustor liners, combustor transition pieces, turbine vanes (nozzles) and blades (buckets) is a critical task for improving the life and reliability of hotsection components. Conventional cooling techniques using air-film cooling, impingement jet cooling, and turbulators have significantly contributed to cooling enhancements in the past. Ho...

The level of an animal's stress resistance is set by multiple intrinsic physiological and extrinsic environmental parameters. Body size is a critical intrinsic parameter that affects numerous fitness-related organismal traits including fecundity, survival, mating success, and stress resistance. The rate of cooling is a critical extrinsic environmental factor that can affect thermal stress resis...

A numerical and experimental investigation was conducted to analyze dropwise evaporative cooling of heated surfaces with various wettability characteristics. The surface wettability was tuned by nanostructure modifications. Spray-cooling experiments on these surfaces show that surfaces with better wettability have better heat transfer rate and higher critical heat flux (CHF). Single droplet imp...

We discuss the color-superconductivity and its effect on the cooling behavior of strange quark stars. The neutrino emissivity and specific heat of quark matter are calculated within the BCS theory. In the superconducting phase, the emissivity decreases and causes suppression of the cooling rate. It is shown that the phase transition leads to a sudden discontinuous suppression of the cooling rat...

o. There are two different cryopreservation protocols used in skin preservation: slow freezing and quick freezing/snap frozen. Slow freezing can be achieved using a controlled-rate cooling apparatus (Blondet et al., 1982). There is an optimum cooling rate for any cell type that produces maximum cell survival. On either side of this optimum, the survival rate falls. In the presence of CPA, a coo...

Engine life and effectiveness can be improved with effective cooling. The cooling mechanism of the air cooled engine is mostly dependent on the fin design of the cylinder head and block. The heat is conducted through the engine parts and convected to air through the surfaces of the fins. Insufficient removal of heat from engine will lead to high thermal stresses and lower engine efficiency. As ...