We demonstrate cavity sideband cooling of a single collective motional mode of an atomic ensemble down to a mean phonon occupation number ⟨n⟩(min⁡)=2.0(-0.3)(+0.9). Both ⟨n⟩(min) and the observed cooling rate are in good agreement with an optomechanical model. The cooling rate constant is proportional to the total photon scattering rate by the ensemble, demonstrating the cooperative character o...

The modelling, simulation, fabrication and testing of a microchannel cooling plate are described in this article. The cooling component is to be used in microelectronic packaging applications. The nickelbased micro-channel cooling plate is fabricated on a glass substrate using a two-layer electroforming process borrowed from UV-LIGA. Forced convection of air or liquid is scheduled for this micr...

Designing cooling channels for the thermoplastic injection process is a very important step in mold design. A conformal cooling channel can significantly improve the efficiency and the quality of production in plastic injection molding. This paper introduces an approach to generate spiral channels for conformal cooling. The cooling channels designed by our algorithms has very simple connectivit...

In many industrial processes, heat exchangers play the important role of the cooling function. The effective heat transfer rate in a specific process strongly depends on the heat exchanger design. The most popular type of heat exchangers commonly used in the automotive industry, is called "radiator". In engines, radiators play the important role of the cooling process. The present study is de...

In this study, the effects of passes number and cooling during friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructure and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been investigated. The process was carried out at tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle of 1100 rpm, 52 mm/min, and 3°, respectively. Cooling was performed by water. The microstructure of FSPed samples was explored b...

In the present study, thermo-economic analysis of a combined solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a gas turbine, a generator-absorber heat exchanger (GAX) and heating process heat exchanger for heating, cooling and power production as a tri-generation system is conducted. Also, an external steam reformer is applied to convert methanol as oxygenated fuel to hydrogen for the electrochemical process ...

the output of x-ray, especially in the field of required energy for diagnosing the disease is very low (in diagnosing lamps, it is less than 1%). in this kind of lamps the rest of the electrical energy is transformed to heat. this considerable amount of heat induces a myriad of too many limitations in choosing higher levels of radiation, particularly in specialized techniques. this process is t...

Product quality for plastic injection molding process is highly related with the settings for its process parameters. Additionally, the product quality is not simply based on a single quality index, but multiple interrelated quality indices. To find the settings for the process parameters such that the multiple quality indices can be simultaneously optimized is becoming a research issue and ...