Complex systems such as a car brake, circulatory system, or legislative system can be conveyed by language or diagrams. Such systems can be presented from structural or functional perspectives. In three experiments, we examine communicating structure and function of mechanical systems (bike pump, car brake, pulley system) by text and diagrams in relation to mechanical ability. By adding arrows,...

Conveying hard and the abrasive materials has been one of the major operational problems in industrial situations. The erosion of plant components, especially the pipe bends by abrasive solid particles of a fluid stream makes installation of pneumatic conveying systems a very costly affair for industry. Most users have either lived with the problem or have employed expensive bend materials to r...