This paper utilizes unascertained sets to analyze general contracting risk of construction projects. Firstly, principal component method was used to process a number of listed general contracting risk indices. The representative indices from principal component analysis process substitute for the primary indexes. Thus subjective random problem in choosing indices can be avoided. Then, risk fact...

The allocation of risks among the contracting parties in a contract is an important decision affecting the project success. Some risks in a project are uncontrollable; these are imposed to a project by external factors. Since contracting parties can neither control nor affect the occurrence of such risks, their allocation to a party would be inequitable. Therefore the cost overrun related to un...

in articles of 196,768 and 769, the iranian civil code, under influence of the french law (art.1121 civ. code) and imamieh's jurisprudence, without any explanation to the legal nature of the contract for the benefit of third party, has briefly allowed the contracting parties to create an obligation for the benefit of third party. this brevity caused an ambiguity in explaining of the relati...

An important determinant of health system performance is contracting. Providers often respond to financial incentives, despite the ethical underpinnings of medicine, and payers can craft contracts to influence performance. Yet contracting is highly imperfect in both single-payer and multi-payer health systems. Arguably, in a competitive, multi-payer environment, contractual innovation may occur...