background: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemics are largely linked to high-risk populations such as female commercial sex workers (fsws). this study assessed sexual behaviors, attitudes and knowledge of this marginalized group. methods: we conducted a cross- sectional study on 278 selfidentified fsws by using respondent driven sampling (rds) method in shiraz, south of iran, from june 2...

CONTEXT Levels of modern contraceptive knowledge and use among people living in rural areas of Guatemala differ substantially from those of people living in urban areas. Understanding the pace and extent of rural-to-urban migrants' adoption of urban contraceptive practices is important in determining if there is a strong need for migrant-focused reproductive health programs. METHODS Bivariate...

Husband's/partner's support for family planning may influence a women's modern contraceptive use. Socio-demographic factors, couple communication about family planning, and fertility preferences are known to play a role in contraceptive use. We conducted logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between perceived husband's/partner's approval and husband's/partner's encouragem...

CONTEXT Despite the inclusion of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in the minimum standards of health care in humanitarian settings, access to SRH services, and especially to contraception, is often compromised in war. Very little is known about continuation and switching of contraceptive methods in these settings. An evaluation of a contraceptive services program in North Kivu, Dem...

The contraceptive method chosen is an important determinant of contraceptive discontinuation. However, method choice is endogenous to contraceptive discontinuation. Using data from the 1997 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, we apply a multilevel multi-process model to examine the impact of method choice on three types of contraceptive discontinuation. We confirm that method choice is end...

BACKGROUND Hormonal contraceptives have been associated with various effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) of pre-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a vaginal contraceptive ring on BMD in pre-menopausal women and compare them with those of non-hormonal contraceptive use. METHODS This open-label, multicentre study used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to m...

OBJECTIVE To estimate real-life effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills by progestogen, length of pill-free interval, and body mass index while focusing on the effect of progestogens with a long half-life and on 24-day oral contraceptive pills regimens. METHODS Outcome data from 52,218 U.S. participants in the International Active Surveillance of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives—a large, pr...

Background: Our understanding of how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted decision-making for women planning to conceive is unclear. We aimed investigate COVID-19 influenced pregnancy behaviors. Methods: An online questionnaire closed- and open-ended questions was utilized capture behaviors reported behavioral changes during in between January July 2020. Closed-ended we...