OBJECT The authors developed a new mapping technique to overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of classic subcortical mapping of the corticospinal tract (CST). The feasibility and safety of continuous (0.4-2 Hz) and dynamic (at the site of and synchronized with tissue resection) subcortical motor mapping was evaluated. METHODS The authors prospectively studied 69 patients who underwent...

Let (X, z) be a topological space, and (Y, d) a metric space. A mapping F: X -+ 2’ which associates with every x E X a non-empty subset F(x) OF Y is said to be lower semi-continuous (I.s.c.) (respectively, upper semi-continuous (u.s.c.)) if, for each open set % in Y, the set (X E X: F(x) n %f # @ > (respectively, the set (X E X: F(x) c @ )) is open in X A mapping f: X-a Y is a selection for F i...

Abstract. Snow depth has traditionally been estimated based on point measurements collected either manually or at automated weather stations. Point measurements, though, do not represent the high spatial variability in snow depths present alpine terrain. Photogrammetric mapping techniques have progressed recent years and are capable of accurately a spatially continuous manner, over larger areas...

Abstract thought has roots in the spatial world. Abstractions are expressed in the ways things are arranged in the world as well as the ways people talk and gesture. Mappings to the page should be better when they are congruent, that is, when the abstract concept matches the spatial one. Congruent mappings can be revealed in people’s performance and preferences. Congruence is supported here for...