連続設計変数を持つ最適化問題に対しては, これまで非線形数理計画法による解法が主流で あった.設計空間が単峰で,しかも目的関数の 勾配が連続である場合にはこのアプロ-チは極 めて有効であるが,そうでない場合には遺伝的 アルゴリズム(GA),シミュレーテッドアニー リング(SA),あるいはタブーサーチ(TS)な ど,ヒューリスティックサーチ(heuristic search) [1]とよばれる方法が用いられることも多くなっ てきた.なかでも,GAとSAはこのような手法 の双璧であり,連続最適化問題に対しても多く の研究が行われてきた[2].一般的に,設計空間 内にサイズの大きい局所解領域が多く存在する 場合にはGAが有効であり,設計空間全域的には 単峰に近いが,サイズの小さい局所解領域が無 数に存在する場合にはSAが有効である[3]. SA[4]は,炉内の固体の熱的平衡状態をシミュ レ...

We present a general field-theoretic strategy to analyze three connected families of continuous phase transitions which occur in nonequilibrium steady-states. We focus on transitions taking place between an active state and one absorbing state, when there exist an infinite number of such absorbing states. In such transitions the order parameter is coupled to an auxiliary field. Three situations...

We experimentally and numerically study the effects of macromolecular crowding agents on DNA structure when confined to a nanochannel. Curiously, DNA response to crowding is significantly different between bulk phase, nanoslit confinement, and nanotube confinement. Coarse grained Brownian dynamics simulations reproduce trends seen in the experiments and allow us to develop a deeper understandin...

In order to achieve continuous operation and thus facilitate use of vision in a dynamic scenario it is necessary to introduce a purpose for the visual processing in order to provide information that may control the visual processing and thus limit the amount of resources needed to obtain the required results. A proposed architecture for vision systems is presented together with an architecture ...

We define the violation fraction ν as the cumulative fraction of time that the entropy change is negative during single realizations of processes in phase space. This quantity depends on both the number of degrees of freedom N and the duration of the time interval τ. In the large-τ and large-N limit we show that, for ergodic and microreversible systems, the mean value of ν scales as 〈ν(N,τ)〉 ∼ ...

A health app is a piece of smartphone software that purports to offer the user some health benefit. Many of these apps are aimed at people with diagnoses; for example, they teach the correct use of an asthma inhaler or collect blood pressure results by syncing wirelessly with a blood pressure monitor. But many are aimed at people with no diagnosis: for example, apps that allow users to track th...

New Techniques for Continuous Optimization and Fast Algorithms for Flow

A derivation of chemical equilibrium equations for a spherical thin film of solution around a soluble solid nanoparticle is presented. The equations obtained generalize the Gibbs-Kelvin-Kohler and Ostwald-Freundlich equations for a soluble particle immersed in the bulk phase. The generalized equations describe the dependence of the chemical potentials of a condensate and dissolved nanoparticle ...