Structured peer-to-peer overlays provide a natural infrastructure for resilient routing via efficient fault detection and precomputation of backup paths. These overlays can respond to faults in a few hundred milliseconds by rapidly shifting between alternate routes. In this paper, we present two adaptive mechanisms for structured overlays and illustrate their operation in the context of Tapestr...

conclusions it was shown that the removal efficiency of nitrate was directly proportional to the amount of chaff, temperature, and contact time but inversely to the ph. this study showed that nitrate removal by chaff is a promising technique. results the result of this study revealed that chaff as an absorbent could remove nitrate from solutions, and the efficiency of adsorption increased as co...

We investigate the relationship between the gap between the energy of the ground state and the first excited state and the decay of correlation functions in harmonic lattice systems. We prove that in gapped systems, the exponential decay of correlations follows for both the ground state and thermal states. Considering the converse direction, we show that an energy gap can follow from algebraic ...

We investigate the relationship between the gap between the energy of the ground state and the first excited state and the decay of correlation functions in harmonic lattice systems. We prove that in gapped systems, the exponential decay of correlations follows for both the ground state and thermal states. Considering the converse direction, we show that an energy gap can follow from algebraic ...

Routing overlays aim to accomplish some of the anticipated advanced routing features of the Future Internet [1]. First, they are expected to achieve higher reliability than the current Internet by bridging between different AS and providing alternative routes in case of failures [2]. Second, routing overlays can implement interdomain performance management when choosing appropriate intermediary...

New overlay-based services aim to provide properties like resilience, availability or QoS. To achieve this, automatic organization and optimization is required, which again demands accurate information on the network. Collecting and exchanging this data has a significant impact on the network, especially if several overlays are used on the same host. In this paper, we provide a survey of the cu...

Recent developments including peer-to-peer networks and application-level multicast have generated interest in overlays, and by extension in algorithms for automatically maintaining overlay structures. In this paper, we present a self-organizing protocol for forming and managing overlays that scales to at least tens of thousands of nodes. Previous algorithms target small scale overlays and do n...

in order to adapt lasota strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) on chick embryo fibroblast (cef) cells, 0.1 ml from lasota vaccine produced in razi vaccine and serum research institute inoculated to the cef cells and was passaged five times in the cef grown in eagle’s minimum essential medium (mem). first to third passages were blind but in fourth passage cytopathic effect of virus was observe...