abstract nature of philosophy is one of the most important and controversial discussions in history of philosophy. early wittgenstein as not only very great philosopher in the history but also the greatest philosopher in contemporary philosophy critic the traditional metaphysics and determinate the boundary of language. he assign language as a picture of the world then determinate extent of sen...

Pete Mandik’s This is Philosophy of Mind is the latest addition to the ‘‘introduction to the philosophy of mind textbook’’ literature. It is a welcome addition, as Mandik offers readers an encompassing, up-to-date and engagingly written textbook. The objective of This is Philosophy of Mind is to communicate to a wider audience the fascinating and challenging ideas discussed in contemporary phil...

This essay is an inquiry into the fundamentals of contemporary liberalism. I defend the following claim: the premises of contemporary liberal theory cannot avoid referring to the ideal of equality of individuals in some way. equality is a principle to orga­ nize the fundamental level of the theory from which to derive the principles for organi­ zing liberal institutions. To support these claims...

Many recent writers in the philosophy of mathematics have put great weight on the relative categoricity of the traditional axiomatizations of our foundational theories of arithmetic and set theory ([Par90], [Par08] §49, [McG97], [Lav99], [VW14]). Another great enterprise in contemporary philosophy of mathematics has been Wright’s and Hale’s project of founding mathematics on abstraction princip...

This paper argues for the ineluctably philosophical nature of “method and theory” in the academic study of religion. More to the point, it encourages a significant re-consideration of what passes for the “Philosophy of Religion,” a sub-field whose concentration on mediaeval and contemporary Christian philosophical theology has impeded the development of an effective philosophical treatment of g...

For Quine, as for many canonical philosophers since Descartes, epistemology stands at the very center of philosophy. Indeed, at the outset of “The Nature of Natural Knowledge”, Quine writes of “those of us who look upon philosophy primarily as the theory of knowledge” (1975:67). In this chapter, I discuss some central themes in Quine’s epistemology. I attempt to provide some historical context ...

The roots of cognitive science go as far back as those of philosophy. One way of defining cognitive science is to say that it is just naturalised philosophy. Much of contemporary thinking about the mind derives from René Descartes' distinction between the body and the soul. They were constituted of two different substances and it was only humans that had a soul and were capable of thinking. Acc...