The basic quantum mechanical relation between fluctuations of transported charge and current correlators is discussed. It is found that, as a rule, the correlators are to be time-ordered in an unusual way. Instances where the difference with the conventional ordering matters are illustrated by means of a simple scattering model. We apply the results to resolve a discrepancy concerning the third...

A computational multiscale contact mechanics model is proposed to describe the interaction between deformable solids based on the interaction of individual atoms or molecules belonging to the solids. The contact model, formulated in the framework of large deformation continuum mechanics, is derived from coarsening the molecular dynamics (MD) description of a large assembly of individual atoms, ...

A virus binding to a surface causes stress of the virus cage near the contact area. Here, we investigate the potential role of substrate-induced structural perturbation in the mechanical response of virus particles to adsorption. This is particularly relevant to the broad category of viruses stabilized by weak noncovalent interactions. We utilize atomic force microscopy to measure height distri...