this study focuses on the optimization of the plane structure. sequential quadratic programming (sqp) will be utilized, which is one of the most efficient methods for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. a new formulation for the second order sensitivity analysis of the two-dimensional finite element will be developed. all the second order required derivatives will be calculat...

the scheduling problems are the non-polynomial problems-hard (np-hard), is to solve it, and meta-heuristic innovative method compared with the exact method require less time and memory.in this research, developed imperialistic competitive algorithm used to solving the single-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem.also the basic feasible solution algorithm used in order to increase...