Confidence measures are computed to estimate the certainty that target acoustic units are spoken in specific speech segments. They are applied in tasks such as keyword verification or utterance verification. Because many of the confidence measures use the same set of models and features as in recognition, the resulting scores may not provide an independent measure of reliability. In this paper,...

In this paper we present a new application for confidence measures in spoken language processing. In today’s computerized dialogue systems, language identification (LID) is typically achieved via dedicated modules. In our approach, LID is integrated into the speech recognizer, therefore profiting from high-level linguistic knowledge at very little extra cost. Our new approach is based on a word...

objective(s):this study aims to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) and breast cancer using meta- analysis. materials and methods: relevant studies were identified reviewing the national and international databases. we also increased the search sensitivity by investigating the references as well as interview with research centers and experts. finally, quality assessm...