Two sets of studies concerning the interaction of off-resonant light with a sodium Bose–Einstein condensate are described. In the first set, properties of a Bose– Einstein condensate were studied using Bragg spectroscopy. The high momentum and energy resolution of this method allowed a spectroscopic measurement of the mean-field energy and of the intrinsic momentum distribution of the condensat...

We report on measurements of the excitation spectrum of a strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. A magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to tune atom-atom interactions in the condensate and to reach a regime where quantum depletion and beyond mean-field corrections to the condensate chemical potential are significant. We use two-photon Bragg spectroscopy to probe the condensate exci...

modeling and simulation of communication circuits at high frequency are important challenges ahead in the design and construction of these circuits. knowing the fact that the lumped element model is not valid at high frequency, distributed analysis is presented based on active and passive transmission lines theory. in this paper, a lossy transmission line model of traveling wave switch (twsw) i...

We have observed phase singularities due to vortex excitation in Bose-Einstein condensates. Vortices were created by moving a laser beam through a condensate. They were observed as dislocations in the interference fringes formed by the stirred condensate and a second unperturbed condensate. The velocity dependence for vortex excitation and the time scale for re-establishing a uniform phase acro...

We investigate how the ghost condensate reacts to black holes immersed in it. A ghost condensate defines a hypersurface-orthogonal congruence of timelike curves, each of which has the tangent vector u = −g∂νφ. It is argued that the ghost condensate in this picture approximately corresponds to a congruence of geodesics. In other words, the ghost condensate accretes into a black hole just like a ...

BACKGROUND The effects of changes in cooling temperature on biomarker levels in exhaled breath condensate have been little investigated. The aim of the study was to test the effect of condensation temperature on the parameters of exhaled breath condensate and the levels of selected biomarkers. METHODS Exhaled breath condensate was collected from 24 healthy subjects at temperatures of -10, -5,...

We will present progress on work to add cloud condensate control variable to a 4D-VAR analysis system at ECMWF. First, in 4D-VAR the linear physics scheme needs prognostic cloud variables to be able to use additional cloud information from observations, and in the current phase of our development the additional prognostic variable is cloud condensate (cloud liquid water and ice). Second, it is ...

Condensate of black liquor vapors is known to cause corrosion in pulp mill equipment like digesters, flash tanks, storage tanks, evaporator domes, and other equipment handling black liquor condensate. This type of corrosion typically occurs in parts of equipment where the black liquor vapors can condense on a metal surface. Generally organic acids and other wood extractives in the condensate ar...

Different approaches for the transition between two coplanar waveguides of different characteristic impedances have been investigated to improve the efficiency of both feeding network and the antenna element of an antenna system operating in the Xband. Return loss, effect of feed line shaping and parametric study are presented with each approach. The outcomes of this study leads to efficient tr...