A fundamental analysis of some of the factors affecting entrainment in sublimation is proposed and the predictions are verified experimentally by investigation of the separation of particulate silicon carbide from ammonium chloride. It was found that for the impurity particle size distribution studied, increased system pressure is effective in reducing entrainment at a given mass rate of sublim...

In situ heating experiments were performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to monitor the thermal stability of silver nanoparticles. The sublimation kinetics from isothermal experiments on individual nanoparticles was used to assess the actual temperatures of the nanoparticles by considering the localized heating from the electron beam. For isolated nanoparticles, beam heating under...

To improve teachers’ productivity, factors involved need to be identified and strengthened. To this end a conceptual model was initially constructed and then modified based on the feedback given by 12 experts. The final model consisted of three dimensions or topics, four sub topics, 22 concepts, or constituents, and 79 indices. The input dimension included subtopics of cognitive and behavioral ...

Sublimation from the seasonal snowpack was calculated using the aerodynamic pro®le method at Niwot Ridge in the Colorado Front Range. Past studies of sublimation from snow have been inconclusive in determining both the rate and timing of the transfer of water between the snowpack and the atmosphere, primarily because they relied on one-dimensional measurements of turbulent ̄uxes or short term d...

Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...