The field of interaction design encompasses a variety of methods for fostering innovation and creativity. In this paper, we present a selection of such methods that scaffold ideation and concept development in the early phases of design. As a conceptual frame for discussing these methods, we introduce four aspects that are particularly salient in the field of interaction design: tradition and t...

OBJECTIVES Typical measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES), such as father's occupation, have limited the ability to elucidate mechanisms by which childhood SES affects adult health. Mechanisms could include schooling experiences or work opportunities. Having previously used qualitative methods for concept development, we developed new retrospective measures of multiple domains of chil...

Concept development is a significant form of inquiry to expand and develop the knowledge base in caring science. The authors’ aim in this article is to illuminate the possibility of working with concept development, based on a life world perspective, especially Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of language, wherein phenomenological, semiological, and pragmatic dimensions are included. The theoretical ...

We are constantly exposed to symbols such as traffic signs, emoticons in internet communication, or other abstract representations of objects as well as, of course, the written words. However, aside from the word reading, little is known about the way our brain responds when we read non-lexical iconic symbols. By using functional MRI, we found that the watching of icons recruited manifold brain...

A B S T R AC T This article draws on a product innovation perspective to explore the process of knowledge commodification. It is argued that key suppliers of management knowledge do not particularly regard this process as unproblematic. Using interviews with management consultants, this study provides an understanding of the internal elements that may inhibit or encourage the development of new...

The purpose of this article was to analyze the concept development of apology in the context of errors in health care, the administrative response, policy and format/process of the subsequent apology. Using pragmatic utility and a systematic review of the literature, 29 articles and one book provided attributes involved in apologizing. Analytic questions were developed to guide the data synthes...

This chapter aims to present and discuss the concept of ‘destination image’, as shown in the literature to date and also to identify the way in which the image has been formed. The process of image formation is a dynamic one, in which the influence factors have a different importance and they continuously change and complete each other. It intend to analyze the formation and communication of th...

Before starting to formulate design concepts, designers usually gather relevant information to explore design problems and facilitate concept development. The information can also be traced back in the later design stages. The information search is a behavior of comprehensive consideration, which differs from the specific search of design methods. By exploring related theories, the research ana...

The investigation of impact of fuzzy sets on zero forcing set is the main aim of this paper. According to this, results lead us to a new concept which we introduce it as Fuzzy Zero Forcing Set (FZFS). We propose this concept and suggest a polynomial time algorithm to construct FZFS. Further more we compute the propagation time of FZFS on fuzzy graphs. This concept can be more efficient to model...