Introduction: Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on Movement Imagination (MI) are widely used in recent decades. Separate feature extraction methods are employed in the MI data sets and classified in Virtual Reality (VR) environments for real-time applications. Methods: This study applied wide variety of features on the recorded data using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifie...

Submodularity is an important  property of set functions with deep theoretical results  and various  applications. Submodular systems appear in many applicable area, for example machine learning, economics, computer vision, social science, game theory and combinatorial optimization.  Nowadays submodular functions optimization has been attracted by many researchers.  Pendant pairs of a symmetric...

In many active noise control (ANC) applications, an online secondary path modelling method that uses a white noise as a training signal is required. This paper proposes a new feedback ANC system. Here we modified both the FxLMS and the VSS-LMS algorithms to raised noise attenuation and modelling accuracy for the overall system. The proposed algorithm stops injection of the white noise at the op...

In many active noise control (ANC) applications, an online secondary path modelling method that uses a white noise as a training signal is required. This paper proposes a new feedback ANC system. Here we modified both the FxLMS and the VSS-LMS algorithms to raised noise attenuation and modelling accuracy for the overall system. The proposed algorithm stops injection of the white noise at the op...

Over the past 30 years, Land development and consumption have been out of control and expanding out of order, especially to marginal areas of some metropolises in Pakistan. In this research, the dynamic change of urban sprawl and its spatial and temporal characteristics was analyzed for Karachi division, Pakistan. To achieve the goal different image processing techniques were applied i.e., (i) ...

Join techniques for spatial access methods were analysed. The factors considered included buffer pool size, page size and intermediate join indexes ordering criteria. This analysis was based on real data taken from a GIS applications for telecommunications. Results of this work assess the way those factors affect spatial join performance and can be used for tuning such algorithms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 226 adnexal masses were examined before surgery: Fifty-one were malignant and 175 were benign. The data were divided into training and testing subsets by using a ‘‘leave n out method.’’ The training subsets were used to compute the optimum MLR equations and to train the ANNs. The cross-validation subsets were used to estimate the performance of each of the two ...

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An image-comparison workstation, which alternately displayed two registered and magnified versions of an image, was used to study observer detection of image degradation introduced by irreversible compression. Five observers evaluated 20 16-bit posteroanterior digital chest radiographs compressed with Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) or wavelet-based trelliscoded q...

hybrid system is a dynamic system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior‎. ‎the hybrid differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering‎. ‎the hybrid systems are devoted to modeling‎, ‎design‎, ‎and validation of interactive systems of computer programs and continuous systems‎. ‎hybrid fuzzy differential equations (hfdes) is considered by ...