In a multidimensional environment, parties may have compelling incentives to obscure their preferences on select issues. This study contributes growing literature position blurring by demonstrating how party leaders purposively create uncertainty about where stands the issue of European integration. By doing so, it theoretically and empirically disentangles cause blurring—parties’ strategic beh...

Provide a healthy diet is one of the major health challenges in the world to maintain health and nutritional status of populations. In this reason, new control strategies such as probiotics have been applied as prophylactic and therapeutic instead of antibiotics. In the same line, probiotics have antagonistic effects to various microorganisms proposed in several mechanisms including improvement...