New representation results for three families of regular languages are stated, using a special kind of shuffle operation, namely the synchronized shuffle. First, it is proved that the family of regular star languages is the smallest family containing the language (a+ bc)∗ and closed under synchronized shuffle and length preserving morphism. The second representation result states that the famil...

Complex cryptographic protocols are often constructed in a modular way from primitives such as signatures, commitments, and encryption schemes, verifiable random functions, etc. together with zero-knowledge proofs ensuring that these primitives are properly orchestrated by the protocol participants. Over the past decades a whole framework of discrete logarithm based primitives has evolved. This...

on the basis of constitution and social and cultural contexts, each country has its own private international law system. concerning countries with federal system like the united states of america, conflict of laws not only may occur between laws of the united states and law of the other countries, but also in a distinctive manner, among states of the usa together. european :union: is in the sa...

after the cold war and collapse of the bipolar system, the european :union: found more opportunity to play a role in regional and international arenas. on the other hand, russia was searching for a new status due to its widespread developments. changing the status of international system, emergence of new and powerful actors, expansion of the european :union: to the east and bordering with russ...

Privacy preserving multiset union (PPMU) protocol allows a set of parties, each with a multiset, to collaboratively compute a multiset union secretly, meaning that any information other than union is not revealed. We propose efficient PPMU protocols, using multiplicative homomorphic cryptosystem. The novelty of our protocol is to directly encrypt a polynomial by representing it by an element of...