Stochastic models of point patterns in space and time are widely used to issue forecasts or assess risk, often they affect societally relevant decisions. We adapt the concept consistent scoring functions proper rules, which statistically principled tools for comparative evaluation predictive performance, process setting, place both new existing methodology this framework. With reference earthqu...

The markedness constraints of classic Optimality Theory assign violation-marks to output candidates without reference to the input or to other candidates. This article explores an alternative conception of markedness: markedness constraints compare the candidate under evaluation with another candidate, the most faithful one. Comparative constraints distinguish two situations: the candidate unde...