Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is increasingly appreciated that communication between the brain and immune system contributes to physiologic processes, adaptive responses, and disease states. In this review, we discuss the highly specialized features of brai...

nowadays, the application of information technology is associated with barriers and challenges. so to prioritize barriers to information technology application in sports organizations, the viewpoints of 71 experts and managers of these organizations were collected by answering a researcher-made questionnaire. validity (face, content) of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliab...