ABSTRACTABSTRACTOver the course of past ten-plus years, Peter Hanks and Scott Soames have developed detailed versions Act-Based views propositions which operate with notions reference to objects, indicating properties, predication, judgment (or entertaining). In this paper I discuss certain foundational aspects approach having do relations between these notions. particular, argue for following ...

Analyses of secondary predication based on the aspectual properties predicative complements are almost standard today. This paper shows that these approaches not restrictive enough and make a large number incorrect predictions. It also meaning main (or primary) predicate is essential to restrict one. Throughout text, pragmatically analysis necessary restrictions compared with one grounded seman...