An important problem in science is to determine when individual measurements taken under different conditions are measurements of a nearly common property. When they are, the proper and common practice is to combine these measurements into a single estimate. For example, when certifying standard reference materials (SRMs) several different types of measurement devices are commonly used. Each de...

There are two dominant conceptual models of common property resource management: a capitalist model and a socialist model. The capitalist model argues that resources that are held commonly are subject to degradation. Hence, privatization of public resources is the only viable solution to the problem. The socialist model explains that economic poverty caused by inequitable distribution of resour...

One of the basic tenets of the theory of common property resources is that private property rights work to conserve natural resources. There is growing evidence, however, that some large forest owners in Maine are cutting their forests heavily, using poor-quality silviculture techniques. This overexploitation is being done by paper companies, forest contractors, and some private land owners, wh...

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We construct a game of noncooperative common-resource exploitation which delivers analytical solutions for its symmetric Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium. We examine how introducing uncertainty to the natural law of resource reproduction affects strategic exploitation. We show that the commons problem is always present in our example and we identify cases in which increases in risk amplify or mi...

Most Americans no longer live in traditional communities. Instead, they live in suburban subdivisions littered with shopping malls, swimming pools, recreation centers, and private security forces. But improved living conditions, extra services, communal spaces, and increased property values come at a cost: we are now more segregated than ever. And in our isolation, the public realm eviscerates,...

* Correspondence: [email protected] School of Computer & Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this article, we utilize the notions of the property (E.A.) and common property (E. A.) in the setting of modified intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces to prove a result interrela...