Microbial lipases are an important group of biotechnologically valuable enzymes, because of the versatility of their applied properties and ease of mass production. Lipases of microbial origin are widely diversified in their enzymatic properties and substrate specificity, which make them very attractive for industrial applications. This review describes the applications of microbial lipases in ...

There is a limited number of reports regarding detergents and proteases inactivating, degrading, or destabilizing abnormal prion protein (PrPSc). In the present study, the effect of alkaline detergents and proteases on the breakdown of PrPSc in the absence of proteinase K (PK) (degradation) and the presence of PK (destabilization) was investigated. PrPSc from brain homogenate of terminally-dise...

Spiralin could not be solubilized in the absence of detergents, and it was shown by charge-shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis that this protein was capable of binding detergents under nondenaturing conditions. These properties indicate the amphiphilic nature of spiralin, which therefore should be regarded as an intrinsic membrane protein. The efficiency of mild (ionic and neutral) detergents t...

Specific degradation of the phospholipid membrane of guinea-pig liver microsomal fraction with phospholipase A inactivated glucuronyltransferase. The inactivation was reversed by phosphatidylcholine and mixed microsomal phospholipid micelles at concentrations similar to those present in intact microsomal preparations. The other commonly occurring phospholipids did not reactivate phospholipase A...

1. The members of the homologous series of anionic detergents, the sodium salts of the sulfated straight chain alcohols with the general formula C(n)H(2n+1).SO(3).Na, are hemolytic, the lytic activity being at a maximum when the compound contains 14 carbon atoms in the chain. In systems in which lysis is comparatively rapid, the hemolytic effect increases with increasing pH, but in systems cont...

OBJECTIVE To analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends. METHODS Analyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan. RESULTS In comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a...

BACKGROUND A.I.S.E., the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products, launched the 'A.I.S.E. Charter for Sustainable Cleaning' in Europe in 2005 to promote sustainability in the cleaning and maintenance products industry. This Charter is a proactive programme for translating the concept of sustainable innovation into reality and actions. Per product category, life c...

Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a widely used antibacterial agent. However, it was concerned recently that triclosan might act as an antibiotic and will cause resistant bacterial strains. Furthermore, possible formation of toxic chloroform was also reported when the triclosan contained in household dishwashing soaps reacted with the chlorinated water. To assess the asso...

Membrane proteins (MPs) are usually handled in aqueous solutions as protein/detergent complexes. Detergents, however, tend to be inactivating. This situation has prompted the design of alternative surfactants that can be substituted for detergents once target proteins have been extracted from biological membranes and that keep them soluble in aqueous buffers while stabilizing them. The present ...

A crucial bottleneck in membrane protein studies, particularly G-protein coupled receptors, is the notorious difficulty of finding an optimal detergent that can solubilize them and maintain their stability and function. Here we report rapid production of 12 unique mammalian olfactory receptors using short designer lipid-like peptides as detergents. The peptides were able to solubilize and stabi...