We study the spherical collapse of a perfect fluid with an equation of state P = kρ by full general relativistic numerical simulations. For 0 < k ∼ 0.036, it has been known that there exists a general relativistic counterpart of the Larson-Penston self-similar Newtonian solution. The numerical simulations strongly suggest that, in the neighborhood of the center, generic collapse converges to th...

recently, two of the authors have introduced the collapse capacity spectrummethodology, which allows the assessment of the collapse capacity of highly inelastic p-deltasensitive regular frame structures without performing non-linear time-history analyses. the mainingredient of this method is the collapse capacity spectrum, which represents the seismic collapsecapacity of an inelastic non-deteri...

Self-similar solutions provide good descriptions for the gravitational collapse of spherical clouds or stars when the gas obeys a polytropic equation of state, p = Kργ (with γ ≤ 4/3, and γ = 1 corresponds to isothermal gas). We study the behaviors of nonradial (nonspherical) perturbations in the similarity solutions of Larson, Penston and Yahil, which describe the evolution of the collapsing cl...

Abstract To investigate the effect of nano carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (nano CFRP) on retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) structures, this article presented progressive collapse performance two half-scale four-bay RC frames including one control specimen S1 and S2 with CFRP beam ends. The was discussed by comparing crack patterns, failure mode, load–displacement curves, horizontal displac...

Recently, various image-to-image translation (I2I) methods have improved mode diversity and visual quality in terms of neural networks or regularization terms. However, conventional I2I relies on a static decision boundary the encoded representations those are entangled with each other, so they often face ‘mode collapse’ phenomenon. To mitigate collapse, 1) we design so-called style-guided disc...

The weakly coupled quasi-one-dimensional spin ladder compound (CH3)2CHNH3CuCl3 is studied by neutron scattering in magnetic fields exceeding the critical field of Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Commensurate long-range order and the associated Goldstone mode are detected and found to be similar to those in reference to spin-dimer materials. However, for the upper two massive magnon branc...

This paper presents an experimental study on the hard disruption instability in low-4r(a) discharge on the Iran-tokamak I (IR-Tl), that limits the accessible operation plasma parameters. Reproducible major disruptions are triggered by contact of a large mln = 2ll magnetic island with the limiter. The growth of m|n = 2ll mode is precipitated by a thermal collapse of the plasma periphery during t...

I discuss two questions about the origin of star clusters: How long does the process take? What is the mode of individual star formation? I argue that observations of Galactic star-forming regions, particularly the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), indicate that cluster formation often takes several Myr, which is many local dynamical timescales. Individual stars and binaries, including massive stars,...

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) Forum has chosen rate-based control as the flow control scheme for available bit-rate (ABR) service. However, rate-based schemes can achieve congestion control only if all users act in a cooperative manner. Even a limited number of uncooperative users can cause congestion collapse. In this paper, we propose a mechanism called fair packet discarding to provid...

We introduce a new algorithm named WGAN, an alternative to traditional GAN training. In this new model, we show that we can improve the stability of learning, get rid of problems like mode collapse, and provide meaningful learning curves useful for debugging and hyperparameter searches. Furthermore, we show that the corresponding optimization problem is sound, and provide extensive theoretical ...