Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for direct detection of Escherichia coli on pipe surfaces and coupons in drinking water distribution networks. Old cast iron main pipes were removed from water distribution networks in France, England, Portugal, and Latvia, and E. coli was analyzed in the biofilm. In addition, 44 flat coupons made of cast iron, polyvinyl chloride, or stainless ...

Background: Test of pahogenecity of fish pathogens usually done by injection or ingestion of the bacterial samples on the fish. Objective of the current research was to introduce a new method of testing pathogenecity of fish pathogens through an artificial infection system. The targeted method was to observe the pathogenecity in aquarium condition by direct infection of the system water with ba...

The results of numerous studies indicate that fish possess bacterial populations on or in their skin, gills, digestive tract, and light-emitting organs. In addition, the internal organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) of healthy fish may contain bacteria, but there is debate about whether or not muscle is actually sterile. Using traditional culture-dependent techniques, the numbers and taxonomic co...

Present study was conducted in fish hatcheries, nurseries and culture farms to find out different chemicals used in freshwater aquaculture activities in Noakhali District, Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) like focus group discussion (FGD) with fish hatchery owners, nursery and culture farmers...

A new concept of land-based Atlantic salmon farming utilizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy is proposed. In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted using liquid nitrogen as a source to confirm whether the water temperature fish tank can reach below 17 °C within an hour. particular, effects mass flow rates (0.0075, 0.01, and 0.0125 kg/s) (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 on cooling perf...

The expression of fitness-related traits, such as egg and gonad size, often varies among habitats and exhibits clinal variation along climatic and latitudinal gradients. However, the mechanisms allowing such variations are obscure and have been ascribed to both phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. We experimentally tested whether variation in egg and gonad size of a poikilotherm verteb...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two dietary carbohydrate sources (waxy maize starch and glucose) on the metabolic adaptation of sea bass juveniles (initial weight: 24 g) to a heat shock treatment (temperature rise from 18 degrees C to 25 degrees C within 24 h). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 20% waxy maize starch (WS diet) or 20% glucose (GLU ...

As global temperatures rise, there is a growing need to understand the physiological mechanisms that determine an organism's thermal niche. Here, we test the hypothesis that increases in mitochondrial capacity with cold acclimation and adaptation are associated with decreases in thermal tolerance using two subspecies of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that differ in thermal niche. We assessed...