The coinage of the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) is not only the most important primary source for its monetary and economic history, but also of greatest relevance for its history and art history.Coin hoards are of pivotal importance for studying Sasanian coinage. On August 29,2007,two jars were unearthed during the construction work for the new border sentry post of “Havār-Barxāh-loh” in the P...

We study the class of protocols for weak quantum coin flipping introduced by Spekkens and Rudolph (quant-ph/0202118). We show that, for any protocol in this class, one party can win the coin flip with probability at least 1/ √

rn e M et a.Su ccssfu En d ocop ic M an ag em en t of Su b cu te In tstin lO b stru cion · En d ocop y 20034:594 Individuals who ingest coins are usually simply observed, because the majority of coins which pass into the stomach move unimpeded through the gastrointestinal tract [1,2]. It is rare for ingested coins which pass through the pylorus to lodge in the small bowel, and even rarer for th...

We model insurgency and counter-insurgency (COIN) operations with a large-scale system of differential equations and a dynamically changing coalition network. We use these structures to analyze the components of leadership, promotion, recruitment, financial resources, operational techniques, network communications, coalition cooperation, logistics, security, intelligence, infrastructure develop...

Suppose that we are given a function f : (0, 1) → (0, 1) and, for some unknown p ∈ (0, 1), a sequence of independent tosses of a p-coin (i.e., a coin with probability p of “heads”). For which functions f is it possible to simulate an f(p)-coin? This question was raised by S. Asmussen and J. Propp. A simple simulation scheme for the constant function f(p) ≡ 1/2 was described by von Neumann (1951...

The 8-coin insight problem requires the problem solver to move 2 coins so that each coin touches exactly 3 others. Ormerod, MacGregor, and Chronicle (2002) explained differences in task performance across different versions of the 8-coin problem using the availability of particular moves in a 2-dimensional search space. We explored 2 further explanations by developing 6 new versions of the 8-co...

The cryptographic protocol of coin tossing consists of two parties, Alice and Bob, that do not trust each other, but want to generate a random bit. If the parties use a classical communication channel and have unlimited computational resources, one of them can always cheat perfectly. Here we analyze in detail how the performance of a quantum coin tossing experiment should be compared to classic...

We show a rough equivalence between alternating time-space complexity and a public-coin interactive proof system with the veriier having a polynomial related time-space complexity. Special cases include All of NC has interactive proofs with a log-space polynomial-time public-coin veriier vastly improving the best previous lower bound of LOGCFL for this model 7]. All languages in P have interact...

objectives: micromechanical retention of resin cements to alloys is an important factor affecting the longevity of metal base restorations. this study aimed to compare the bond strength and etching pattern of a newly introduced experimental etchant gel namely nano met etch with those of conventional surface treatment techniques for nickel-chrome (ni-cr) and high noble alloys.  materials and met...