Subsidence can result from the collapse of underground cavities. The impact such subsidence on existing structures and infrastructures is generally dramatic. Geosynthetic reinforcement (GSY) an attractive mitigation solution that be used to reduce this impact. This paper focuses solutions over cavities mainly GSY method. A large-scale physical model (1-g) study mechanisms estimate efficacy for ...

Preferential flow in biological soil structures is of key importance for infiltration and soil water flow at a range of scales. In the present study, we treat soil water flow as a dissipative process in an open non-equilibrium thermodynamic system, to better understand this key process. We define the chemical potential and Helmholtz free energy based on soil physical quantities, parametrize a p...