The BBSome is a complex of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins that shares common structural elements with COPI, COPII, and clathrin coats. Here, we show that the BBSome constitutes a coat complex that sorts membrane proteins to primary cilia. The BBSome is the major effector of the Arf-like GTPase Arl6/BBS3, and the BBSome and GTP-bound Arl6 colocalize at ciliary punctae in an interdependent ...

The genome of Iranian wheat stripe virus (IWSV), a tentative member of the genus Tenuivirus, is comprised of three ambisense and one negative sense RNA segments. The coat and non-structural proteins encoded by the vcRNA3 and vRNA4 genes, respectively, were efficiently translated in vitro. Translated proteins of vcRNA3 and vRNA4 transcripts were approximately 35000 and 22000 in Mr, respectively,...

The spore-forming bacterial pathogen Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of health care-associated infections in the United States. In order for this obligate anaerobe to transmit infection, it must form metabolically dormant spores prior to exiting the host. A key step during this process is the assembly of a protective, multilayered proteinaceous coat around the spore. Coat assembly depe...

Export of many secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relies on signal-mediated sorting into ER-derived transport vesicles. Recent work on the coat protein complex II (COPII) provides new insight into the mechanisms and signals that govern this selective export process. Conserved di-acidic and di-hydrophobic motifs found in specific transmembrane cargo proteins are required for ...

Long RNAs often exist as multiple conformers in equilibrium. For the genomes of single-stranded RNA viruses, one of these conformers must include a compacted state allowing the RNA to be confined within the virion. We have used single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor the conformations of viral genomes and sub-fragments in the absence and presence of coat proteins. Cogna...

Display of proteins like feed enzymes at the surface of bacterial spore systems has a great potential use for animal feed. Feed enzymes increase the digestibility of nutrients, leading to greater efficiency in the manufacturing of animal products and minimizing the environmental 5 impact of increased animal production. To deliver their full potential in the gut, feed enzymes must survive the ha...