Deficiency of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic ketogenesis, causes potentially life-threatening hypoglycemic hypoketotic coma during fasting periods. In the normal, nonfasting state, patients are completely asymptomatic and show no abnormalities in standard metabolic tests. As a consequence, diagnosing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synt...

Abstract The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana , uses ( E Z )-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate as its major sex pheromone component. Through in vivo labeling experiments we demonstrated that the doubly unsaturated component is produced by ?11 desaturation of tetradecanoic acid, followed chain shortening )-11-tetradecenoic acid to )-9-dodecenoic and subsequently introduction second double bond an...

The chicken ovalbumin upstream-promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) has a dual effect on the regulation of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase gene. COUP-TF could act as a transcriptional activator or repressor of this gene through different DNA sequences. COUP-TF induces expression of a reporter gene linked to the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene promoter ...

Polylactate (PLA) is synthesized as a representative bio-based polyester by the chemo-bio process on the basis of metal catalyst-mediated chemical polymerization of lactate (LA) supplied by microbial fermentation. To establish the one-step microbial process for synthesis of LA-based polyesters, we explored whether polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase would exhibit polymerizing activity toward a ...

Abstract The wax layer of apple leaves plays an important role in improving stress resistance, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms synthesis and transport leaves. In this study, 17 components, including alcohols, alkanes, fatty acids terpenes, were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from 123 germplasms. Whole-genome sequencing these accessions yielde...

Through substitution mutagenesis and gene transfer experiments in cultured cells, we have identified three sequences in the 5' flanking region of the gene for hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase that are required for sterol-mediated regulation of transcription. Point mutations in any one of these sequences largely prevented the increase in transcription that normall...

After permeability barrier perturbation there is an increase in the mRNA levels for key enzymes necessary for lipid synthesis in the epidermis. The mechanism(s) responsible for this regulation is unknown. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1a, 1c, and -2 (SREBPs) control the transcription of enzymes required for cholesterol and fatty acid t synthesis in response to modulations of sterol...

Polylactide (PLA) is a bio-based plastic commonly synthesized by chemical catalytic reaction using lactic acid (LA) as a substrate. Here, novel LA-containing terpolyesters, namely, P[LA-co-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)-co-3-hydroxypropionate (3HP)], short as PLBP, were successfully synthesized for the first time by a recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Pse...

1. Data are provided that indicate that the rat brain acetoacetyl-CoA deacylase is almost exclusively mitochondrial. Developmental studies show that this enzyme more than doubles its activity during suckling (0-21 days) and then maintains this activity in adults (approx. 1.1 units/g wet wt.). 2. Kinetic studies (on the acetoacetyl-CoA deacylase) in a purified brain mitochondrial preparation giv...

Biphenyl synthase and benzophenone synthase constitute an evolutionarily distinct clade of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that use benzoic acid-derived substrates to produce defense metabolites in plants. The use of benzoyl-CoA as an endogenous substrate is unusual for type III PKSs. Moreover, sequence analyses indicate that the residues responsible for the functional diversification of t...