Context. H2O is the most abundant component of astrophysical ices. In most lines of sight it is not possible to fit both the H2O 3 μm stretching, the 6 μm bending intensities with a single pure H2O spectrum. Recent Spitzer observations have revealed CO2 ice in high abundances and it has been suggested that CO2 mixed into H2O ice can affect the positions, shapes and relative strengths of the 3 μ...

In this paper, a two-mode ventilation control of a single facility is formulated as a scheduling model over multiple time horizons. Using the CO2 concentration as the major indoor air quality index and expected room occupancy schedule, optimal solutions leading to reduced CO2 concentration and energy costs are obtained by solving the multi-objective optimization model formulated in the paper. A...

Solar greenhouse, as an intelligent production system, is a trend in the development of facility agriculture. The major crops cultivated in greenhouses are high-value crops such as leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, and flowering plants. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new technology of information acquisition that has been widely used in agriculture, especially in greenhouses. Environmenta...

We have previously investigated the formation of water-CO2 interface by means of a drop tensiometer [1]. In presence of CO2 , the interaction between the two adjacent phases leads to an organization of interfacial cluster network which controls the tension and the mechanical properties of the interface. The formation of those clusters at CO2 pressure lower than 80 bar inhibits the adsorption of...

The objective of the present study was to determine the shelf life of ready-to-eat cooked chicken breast fillets (shredded) stored in atmospheres that were modified with different concentrations of CO2 and to establish a relationship between the concentration of this gas and bacterial growth. The samples were divided into 7 groups with different packaging conditions: aerobiosis, vacuum, and 10,...

Background and purpose: Elevated CO2 rate in a building affect the health of occupant. This document presents results of an experimental analysis conducted in 50 offices located in 12 buildings with different layer in Cameroon (Yaounde). This study took place in 2012, during the dry and the rainy seasons. The main goal is to show the influence of the building structure, the ventilation and the ...

The choice of stabilization target for CO2 concentration depends on the following: what is considered to be ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’; the forcings that might arise from non-CO2 gases; and the climate sensitivity. These three factors are specified here probabilistically, as probability density functions (pdfs), and combined to produce a pdf for the CO2 conce...

When the earth was in its infancy, some four-and-a half billion years ago, it is believed that the atmosphere was predominantly composed of carbon dioxide, which would have put its CO2 concentration, in terms of the units most commonly used today, at something on the order of 1,000,000 ppm. Ever since, however, the CO2 content of the air in the mean has been dropping. By 500 million years ago, ...

Pure neutral (CO2)n clusters and mixed (CO2)n(H2O)m clusters are investigated employing time of flight mass spectroscopy and single photon ionization at 26.5 eV. The distribution of pure (CO2)n clusters decreases roughly exponentially with increasing cluster size. During the ionization process, neutral clusters suffer little fragmentation because almost all excess cluster energy above the verti...

We investigated the potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) fumigation as a method for controlling bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L. The effect of bed bug developmental stage, temperature, and CO2 concentration on the minimum time to kill 100% of bed bugs was determined. The minimum CO2 concentration lethal to all bed bug stages was approximately 30% with 24 h exposure time at 25 degrees C. The minimum ...