this paper attempts to examine the physical and financial performance of some primary dairy co-operatives in west bengal state in indian context. the study suggests that financial performance indicators dominate over physical ones, and all the dominating variables have long term positive impact on primary milk producers’ co-operative societies (pmpcss). also, the significant impact of financial...

Conflict can occur as agricultural cooperatives internationalise, both in terms of their relationship with their supplier members and their requirement for capital. These and other critical factors are identified in the literature. Case study research was carried out on two new Zealand cooperatives – Fonterra, a pure cooperative in the dairy industry and Zespri, a cooperative hybrid in the kiwi...

In the 1990s, a new ownership form called ‘joint-stock co-operative’ (gufen hezuozhi) became widely adopted in China’s township and village enterprise sector. The promising dynamics and high adaptive ability of the new ownership form is in contradiction with the conclusions suggested by the existing literature on industrial co-operatives and other types of employee ownership. To show the adapti...