in this paper, we present some inequalities for the co-pi index involving the some topological indices, the number of vertices and edges, and the maximum degree. after that, we give a result for trees. in addition, we give some inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of the co-pi matrix of g.

Impact of Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus on transmission by Aceria tosichella Keifer (Eriophyidae) and virus epidemiology in wheatImpact of Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus on transmission by Aceria tosichella Keifer (Eriophyidae) and virus epidemiology in wheat" (2013). The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits a complex of viruses, ...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.

Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators are part of the complex interactions among insect natural enemies and prey. NCEs have been shown to significantly affect prey foraging and feeding. Leafhopper's (Auchenorrhyncha) lengthy phloem feeding bouts may play a role in pathogen transmission in vector species and also exposes them to predation risk. However, NCEs on leafhoppers have been scarce...

A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of swallowing impairment and feeding dependency in an acute geriatric medicine unit in Singapore and the co-morbidity associated with it. A total of 211 patients were assessed over a 3-month period. Only 7.1% of patients gave a history of swallowing impairment prior to hospitalisation. We found that 29.4% of patients on admission a...

It has been successfully demonstrated the effect of feeding reactants in distributed manner for reaction methanation CO2. This operation mode improved not only selectivity towards CH4, but also overall process performance. A fixed bed reactor, loaded with Ni-Mn based catalyst, was operated co-feeding both CO2 and H2, alternatively one them through several lateral inlets. Preserving same global ...

 During the early stages of white fish, survival rate is a very effective parameter on future fry’s sustainability, especially when they are going to be released into the natural habitat for restocking. The aim of this study is to define relationships between morphological and functional traits and the survival rate of the European white fish fry (Coregonus lavaretus) when they were fed with di...

Several hybridization strategies of a solar-autothermal biomass gasifier were examined for stable and continuous operation under variable solar irradiation. The ultimate objective was to demonstrate the feasibility controlled syngas production, through modification oxygen, water, injection rates. Various probed by thermodynamic analysis experimentally validated. Thermodynamic equilibrium calcul...

To determine the effects of different sources of fiber and feeding frequency on digesta water-holding capacity (WHC; g H2O/g DM) and ruminal liquid contents, four ruminally fistulated Jersey steers were fed a 60:40 roughage-concentrate diet at 1.5 times NEm. Diets contained either sorghum silage (SS) or a 67:33 mixture of SS and soyhulls (SH) as roughage and were fed either once or 12 times dai...

Vertebrate blood is essential for the growth and the reproduction of haematophagous insects. Provided that hosts play the double role of food sources and predators, feeding on their blood exposes these insects to a high predation risk. Therefore, it is expected that host seeking occurs only when insects need to feed. In the present study, we analyse how the feeding status affects the response t...