BACKGROUND One-pot multi-step biocatalysis is advantageous over step-by-step synthesis as it reduces the number of process operation units, leading to significant process intensification. Whole-cell biocatalysis with metabolically active cells is especially valuable since all enzymes can be co-expressed in the cell whose metabolism can be exploited for supply of co-substrates and co-factors. ...

The gas evolution, mass decay behavior and energy content of several woods, grasses, and agricultural residues were examined with steam and CO(2) gasification using thermogravimetric analysis and gas chromatography. CO(2) concentrations were varied between 0 and 100% with steam as a coreactant. Carbon conversion was complete with 25% CO(2)/75% steam compared to 90% conversion with pure steam in...

This paper describes synthesis of In2S3 nanoparticles by sonochemistry method and their application to enhance solar cells performance which In2S3 nanoparticles work as co-sensitizer for the first time. In2S3 is a narrow band gap semiconductor (2 eV) with conduction band higher than TiO2. Therefore it can transfer electron to the conduction band of TiO2. The effect of different parameters such ...

Co-precipitated Cu-MgO catalysts were prepared and evaluated for the gas-phase hydrogenation of furfural. The effect of heating rate at the calcination step was studied by comparing the performance of three catalysts prepared via the same procedure but calcined at different heating rates. The results established that altering the heating rate could influence the structural properties of the cat...

A novel single phase co-solvent system using tetrahydrofuran (THF) promotes hydrolysis of maple wood to sugars, sugar dehydration, and lignin extraction simultaneously and achieves higher overall yields of the fuel precursors furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and levulinic acid (LA) than previously reported from biomass. In a one-pot reaction, we obtained yields of 86% furfural, 21% HMF,...

The reported catalytic system demonstrates the possibility of efficient mass production of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) from inexpensive raw materials. The direct coupling of propylene oxide, water, and CO was catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cobalt tetracarbonyl ([Bmim][Co(CO)4]) ionic liquid to form 3-HBA with >99% conversion (49% selectivity) under mild conditions.

An improved formulation for the X-factor is proposed. The statement that the velocity-integrated radiation temperature of the 12 CO J = 1 → 0 line, I(12 CO), " counts " optically thick clumps is quantified using the formalism of Martin et al. (1984) for line emission in a clumpy cloud. Adopting the simplifying assumptions of thermalized 12 CO J = 1 → 0 line emission and isothermal gas, an effec...

The one-pot synthesis of butanol and heptanol from propene and 1-hexene, respectively, was performed using Ru3(PPh3)Cl2 and Rh(CO)2(acac) in the presence of triphenylphosphene. The effects of various reaction parameters, including catalyst concentration, gas partial pressures, and temperature, were investigated. Two methods for performing the one-pot synthesis were developed and are discussed. ...

unsubstituted phthalocyanines of co, fe and mn supported on zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared and were well characterized with x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the oxidation of alcohols with tert-butylhydroperoxide (tbhp), in the presence of metallophthalocyanines (mpc) supported on zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated. these mpc/zno nanocomposites were ...