CC-BY 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not. Introduction " our incomplete studies do not permit actual classification; but it is better to leave things by themselves rather than to force them into classes which have their foundation only on paper " – Edouard Seguin 1 " The fundamental mi...

Terminology Mood disorders are characterized by pervasive dysregulation of mood and psychomotor activity and by related biorhythmic and cognitive disturbances. The rubric of “affective disorder,” which in some European classifications also subsumes morbid anxiety states, is increasingly being replaced by the nosologically more delimited concept of “mood disorder.” Thus mood disorder is now the ...

Diagnosis and management of congenital and acquired bleeding disorders in children requires not only an understanding of the unique characteristics of pediatric hemostasis but also the natural course of bleeding disorders in children, which may differ substantially from the course observed in adult patients. In this article, three bleeding disorders of great importance to the pediatric hematolo...

Children's sleep disorders are common and often harmful to development and well being. The clinical services available to affected children and their families need to be improved. At present, professional interest and expertise in sleep disorders medicine is severely limited by the paucity of appropriate teaching and training. The work of a mainly tertiary sleep disorders clinic was reviewed, w...

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening adverse reaction to heparin therapy that is characterized by thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. According to guidelines, in patients with strongly suspected or confirmed HIT all sources of heparin have to be discontinued and an alternative, nonheparin anticoagulant for HIT treatment must immediat...

channelopathies are disturbances of the cellular membrane channels function. ion channels are actually membrane-bound proteins that perform key functions in virtually all human cells. these channels play pivotal role in the function of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve. so channelopathies are diverse clinical entities involving many organs and systems (i.e., endocrine, respiratory, gas...

abstract background: polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders with a prevalence of 5-10% in women. this syndrome is one of the major causes for menstrual disorders and is treated by medicational and non-medicational methods. this study aimed to define the effect of auriculotherapy on menstruation disorders in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. materials and...