* Miller, R. A., J. D. Carlisle, N. Paprocki, G. S. Kaltenecker, and J. A. Heath. 2015. Annual variation in autumn migration phenology and energetic condition at a stopover site in the western United States. Pp. 177–191 in E. M. Wood and J. L. Kellermann ( editors), Phenological synchrony and bird migration: changing climate and seasonal resources in North America. Studies in Avian Biology (no....

Abstract Extreme weather and climate events associated with El Niño La Niña cause massive societal impacts. Therefore, observations forecasts are used around the world to prepare for such events. However, global warming has caused warm seem bigger than they are, while cold smaller, in commonly Niño3.4 index (sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over 5 ∘ S–5 N, 120–170 W). We propose a simple...

ANUCLIM (Xu and Hutchinson, 2011) is a software package used to support the spatial modelling of environmental and natural resources. It enables users to readily obtain estimates, in point and grid form, of monthly, seasonal and annual mean climate variables from supplied elevation dependent monthly mean climate surfaces and an underlying digital elevation model. The climate surfaces are derive...

The spatial and temporal differences of climate, urban heat island and future conditions were assessed for Stuttgart, a city located in complex topography in Southwest Germany. The present and future urban climate conditions were analysed using hourly measured data from 2000 to 2011 of 5 measuring stations and data from regional climate simulations. The urban heat island intensity was quantifie...

Understanding relationships between variability in historical fire occurrence and ocean–atmosphere oscillations provides opportunities for fire forecasting and projecting changes in fire regimes under climate change scenarios.We analysed tree-ring reconstructed regional climate teleconnections and fire–climate relationships in upper elevation forests (.2700m) from 16 sites in eight mountain ran...

Long-term estimation of extreme wave height remains a key challenge because of the short duration of available wave data, and also because of the possible impact of climate variability on ocean waves. Here, we analyse storm-based statistics to obtain estimates of extreme wave height at locations in the northeast Atlantic and North Sea using the NORA10 wave hindcast (1958-2011), and use a 5 year...