OBJECTIVE To examine and compare social acceptance, social behavior, and facial movements of children with and without oral clefts in an experimental setting. DESIGN Two groups of children (with and without oral clefts) were videotaped in a structured social interaction with a peer confederate, when listening to emotional stories, and when told to pose specific facial expressions. PARTICIPA...

As these authors observe, the sentences in (1) and (2) are similar in both form and meaning. The truncated clefts in (1) look like the clefts in (2) minus the cleft clause, and in the right contexts, each of the sentences in (1) can be used with the meaning of the corresponding sentence in (2). Following a question like Who went to Hamburg?, (1b) can be used to convey what (2b) conveys, and fol...

The Indian sub-continent remains one of the most populous areas of the world with an estimated population of 1.1 billion in India alone. This yields an estimated 24.5 million births per year and the birth prevalence of clefts is somewhere between 27,000 and 33,000 clefts per year. Inequalities exist, both in access to and quality of cleft care with distinct differences in urban versus rural acc...

The Tessier classification is the current standard for identifying and reporting rare craniofacial clefts. This numerically based system describes 16 different primary clefts, with additional possible combinations that can significantly raise the total number of potentially describable clefts. Problems with this system include a complexity that requires most surgeons to consult a diagram to des...

The lacunar cell layer in rat snake epidermis contains many characteristic intracellular vacuoles. The lipid nature of these large round vacuoles was demonstrated by histochemical and ultrastructural investigations. Rhomboid-shaped clefts, similar to cholesterol ester clefts, were observed in proximity to the vacuoles.

While it is widely acknowledged in the formal semantic literature that both the truth-functional focus particle only and it-clefts convey exhaustiveness, the nature and source of exhaustiveness effects with it-clefts remain contested. We describe a questionnaire study (n 1⁄4 80) and an event-related brain potentials (ERP) study (n 1⁄4 16) that investigated the violation of exhaustiveness in Ger...

Background and aims: Nowadays, Orofacial clefts are known as the most common orofacial birth defects. Several factors are responsible for problem, such as environmental factors, genetic background, nutritional deficiencies such as Vitamins, zinc, iron, maternal diseases, exposure to teratogenicagents, smoking, drugs, organic solvents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the o...