BACKGROUND Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra (CCAU) is extremely rare and a number of clinicians may be unfamiliar with its diagnosis and biological behaviour. AIMS To review the literature on CCAU. METHODS Various internet databases were used. RESULTS/LITERATURE REVIEW (i) CCAU occurs in adults and in women in the great majority of cases. (ii) It has a particular association with ...

BACKGROUND The development of a mass in a surgical scar poses a diagnostic dilemma due to similarities in appearance to hernias, abscesses, hematomas or desmoid tumors. Scar endometriosis is uncommon and malignant change within this ectopic tissue is rare. CASE REPORT The case of a 55-year-old woman with an isolated clear cell adenocarcinoma in an area of scar endometriosis more than 17 years...

BACKGROUND The Arias-Stella reaction is a hormone-related atypical endometrial change characterized by hypertrophy and vacuolization of glandular epithelial cells, associated with marked nuclear pleomorphism, enlargement, and hyperchromasia. When presenting in extra-uterine sites, the differentiation of Arias-Stella changes from other more ominous clear cell lesions may pose significant difficu...

Little information is available regarding distribution of HPV types in different histological subtypes of adenocarcinoma (AC). Thus, in this study we examined the frequency of high-risk (hr) HPV types in AC, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ADSQ). A total of 102 cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma (26 AIS and 76 invasive AC) obtained from pathology files from 1995-...

Paediatric malignancies are relatively rare, with an annual frequency of 13-14 in 100 000 children up to 15 years, and account for less than 1% of all cancer in developed countries. Paediatric tumours are generally managed with a multi-modality treatment programme that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Treatment strategies directed towards the reduction...

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is an extremely rare neoplasm mainly described in women. Anterior pelvic exenteration was the treatment performed in most reported cases. It seems to have poorer prognosis than urothelial carcinomas.

Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London, UK: Chapman Hall, 1984. 20 Newbold RR. Lessons learned from perinatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;199:42–150. 21 Walker BE, Uterine tumors in old female mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;70:177–81. 22 Newbold RR, McLachlan JA. Vaginal adenosis and adenocarcinoma in mice expos...

Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare disease. It occurs in 0.5-2% of all bladder cancers and is discussed as the malignant counterpart of nephrogenic adenomas. We report a 46-year-old white female presented with gross hematuria for clinical examination. Histopathology revealed pT2, Pn1, L1, G2 adenocarcinoma of the bladder and carcinoma in situ according to the TNM classifica...