The internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA are widely used to infer phylogenetic relationships in plants. In this study, it was obtained the ITS sequences from 24 samples of Araceae in Iran, representing 3 genera: Arum L., Biarum Schott. and Eminium (Blume) Schott. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by Bayesian inference and maximum Parsimony methods. Cladistic analysis ...

The first comprehensive analysis of higher-level phylogeny of the order Hymenoptera is presented. The analysis includes representatives of all extant superfamilies, scored for 392 morphological characters, and sequence data for four loci (18S, 28S, COI and EF-1a). Including three outgroup taxa, 111 terminals were analyzed. Relationships within symphytans (sawflies) and Apocrita are mostly resol...

SYNOPSIS. Cladistic biogeographic methods remain susceptible to the confounding effects of ‘‘pseudo-congruence’’ and ‘‘pseudo-incongruence’’ because they were not designed to incorporate information on the absolute timing of the diversification of lineages. Consequently, results from cladistic biogeographic studies are difficult to interpret and cannot be confidently attributed to any particula...

Combined analysis of multiple phylogenetic data sets can reveal emergent character support that is not evident in separate analyses of individual data sets. Previous parsimony analyses have shown that this hidden support often accounts for a large percentage of the overall phylogenetic signal in cladistic studies. Here, reanalysis of a large comparative genomic data set for yeast (genus Sacchar...