the barn owl, tyto alba (scopoli, 1769), occurs worldwide and shows a considerable amount of morphological and geographical variation, leading to the recognition of many subspecies around the world. yet comprehensive study on this species needs to be done. data from mitochondrial gene (cytb) with 620bp length is analyzed for 30 individuals around the world. maximum likelihood (ml), maximum pars...

The venom enzyme sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) in the spider family Sicariidae (brown or fiddleback spiders [Loxosceles] and six-eyed sand spiders [Sicarius]) causes dermonecrosis in mammals. SMase D is in a gene family with multiple venom-expressed members that vary in functional specificity. We analyze molecular evolution of this family and variation in SMase D activity among crude venoms usin...

Forty Klebsormidium strains isolated from soil crusts of mountain regions (Alps, 600–3,000 m elevation) were analyzed. The molecular phylogeny (internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences) showed that these strains belong to clades B/C, D, E, and F. Seven main (K. flaccidum, K. elegans, K. crenulatum, K. dissectum, K. nitens, K. subtile, and K. fluitans) and four transitional morphotypes (K. cf....

Cuscuta is the only parasitic genus in Convolvulaceae family. This genus is globally distributed, with most species in the tropics, subtropics, and some in the temperate regions. In this study, the micro-morphological features and molecular evidencesof 12 populations from three species of Cuscuta (C. australis, C. campestris,and C. chinensis) have been considered. In total, seven quantitative a...

Wolbachia, endosymbiotic bacteria of the order Rickettsiales, are widespread in arthropods but also present in nematodes. In arthropods, A and B supergroup Wolbachia are generally associated with distortion of host reproduction. In filarial nematodes, including some human parasites, multiple lines of experimental evidence indicate that C and D supergroup Wolbachia are essential for the survival...

Bovine Bacillus anthracis isolates from Cameroon were genetically characterized. They showed a strong homogeneity, and they belong, together with strains from Chad, to cluster Aβ, which appears to be predominant in western Africa. However, one strain that belongs to a newly defined clade (D) and cluster (D1) is penicillin resistant and shows certain phenotypes typical of Bacillus cereus.

Methods Sequences of elongation factor alpha (EFA), beta tubulin (BTUB) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were obtained from 54 collections of D. caperata collected from Caribbean and Pacific L. racemosa forests in Central America. Measures of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, nested clade analyses and coalescent analyses were used to estimate the direction and e...

In addition to biochemical, physiological and morphological analysis, molecular studies provide additional information for establishing phylogenetic relationships among different species and strains of the genus Dunaliella. In the present study, based on neighbor- joining analysis of the nuclear rDNA ITS sequence, a novel strain of the green algae Dunaliella viridis was identified from Maharlu ...

AIM Coral reefs rely on the symbiosis between scleractinian corals and intracellular, photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium making the assessment of symbiont diversity critical to our understanding of ecological resilience of these ecosystems. This study characterizes Symbiodinium diversity around the Arabian Peninsula, which contains some of the most thermally diverse and un...