In 2004, the Trojan horse defense was at a crossroads, having been successfully employed in two child pornography cases in the United Kingdom, resulting in acquittals. Despite the early successes, the Trojan horse defense has failed to become a regularly employed strategy. The original Trojan horse defense has now become part of the more general technical SODDI (Some Other Dude Did It) defense,...

Abstract Defense ministries regularly frame climate security in their national strategies. Recently, “civil” also begun mentioning security. However, they do not mean the same thing. This article develops four indicators to assess commitment of framings an understanding as either human/environmental or issue. It applies fifty submissions Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) by civil and se...

1MSc, PhD Student in Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) and Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas (FMTAM); Professor, UEA, Brazil 2PhD, Professor, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Center of Infectious Diseases, Brazil 3PhD; Health Surveillance Superintendence, City Secretary of Health and Office of Civil Defense of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4PhD; ...

The opening up to foreign legal systems had a strong impact on the 19th century in North America. Pierre-Basile Mignault, Canadian, and Edward Livingston, American, were both active travelers particularly curious about French Anglo-Saxon traditions. through his participation drafting of Louisiana Civil Code criminal law project, became paragon method, civil codification model adapted common tra...

Professor Joshua Schwartz’s theory can be a useful tool for integrating law & development (L&D) and comparative law, despite its limitations. He argues that exceptionalism tendency can be found in contract performance phase in US, which can be explained by the central role of the military procurement in the US public procurement law. He further suggests that developing countries should learn fl...

The aim of this study is to investigate the rationale behind Defense Order Number 28 in response Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on legal rights creditors. employed an analytical methodology, examining defense orders, local laws, international conventions, court decisions. main findings indicate that Jordanian case appears favor debtors, as it allowed for postponemen...

Terrain is central to understanding why some countries have contentious ethnic divisions, while others do not. We argue that access to variable rugged terrain facilitated the development and survival of more distinct ethnic groups, even in the face of government repression. We show that the persistence of greater ethnic diversity in highly variable rugged areas as well as these ethnic groups te...