Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an important clinical tool for the treatment of small lesions in the brain, including benign conditions, malignant and localized metastatic tumors. A dosimetry study was performed for Elekta ‘Synergy S ’ as a dedicated Stereotactic radiosurgery unit, capable of generating circular radiation fields with diameters of 1-5 cm at isocentre using the BEAM/EGS4...

The intersection graph of a family of arcs on a circle is called a circular-arc graph. This class of graphs admits some interesting subclasses: proper circular-arc graphs, unit circular-arc graphs, Helly circular-arc graphs and clique-Helly circular-arc graphs. In this paper, all possible intersections of these subclasses are studied. There are thirteen regions. Twelve of these are nonempty, an...

Circular coinduction is a technique for behavioral reasoning that extends cobasis coinduction to speci cations with circularities. Because behavioral satisfaction is not recursively enumerable, no algorithm can work for every behavioral statement. However, algorithms using circular coinduction can prove every practical behavioral result that we know. This paper proves the correctness of circula...

in many cases, a torsional shaft may be a thick-walled radially inhomogeneous cylindrical object. the hollow shafts made of functionally graded materials (fgms) are such kind of compositions which were studied in this paper. cylindrical fg shafts are composed of ceramic and metallic parts with power function distribution across the radial direction. the ceramic phase is isotropic elastic and th...

Good informal arguments offer justification for their conclusions. They go wrong if the justifications double back, rendering the arguments circular. Circularity, however, is not necessarily a single property of an argument, but may depend on (a) whether the argument repeats an earlier claim, (b) whether the repetition occurs within the same line of justification, and (c) whether the claim is p...

We study circular choosability, a notion recently introduced by Mohar and by Zhu. First, we provide a negative answer to a question of Zhu about circular cliques. We next prove that cch(G) = O (ch(G) + ln |V (G)|) for every graph G. We investigate a generalisation of circular choosability, the circular f -choosability, where f is a function of the degrees. We also consider the circular choice n...

In this tribute to Doaitse Swierstra, we present the first transformation between lazy circular programs à la Bird and strict circular programs à la Pettorossi. Circular programs à la Bird rely on lazy recursive binding: they involve circular unknowns and make sense equationally. Circular programs à la Pettorossi rely on the inductive construction of functions and their eventual application: th...

Non-circular properties of non-circular signals can be used to improve the performance of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. However, most ready-made algorithms are not applicable to the general case in which both non-circular and circular signals exist. In this paper, we present a novel DOA estimation algorithm for mixed signals, namely MS-MUSIC (Mixed Signals-Multiple Signals Classifi...