infectious agents cause disease in virtually any susceptible hosts. in the poultry production and medicine, pathogens were eliminated from a line of a breeder by injection of antibiotics into hatching eggs. there is little information available describing the safety of the folate antimetabolite/sulfonamide class of antibiotics on the game birds embryonated eggs. the objective of this study was ...

Abstract The Chukar Alectoris chukar is one of the most popular game birds Armenia, but there no governmental monitoring programme for that exploited species. We carried out national surveys in 2003–2019 and estimate current occupied range Armenia as 5,082 km 2 (17% country). In 2019, we population size at 12,472 breeding pairs (95% CL: 10,266–14,677). Its trend shows a moderate decline underly...

Similar species may co-occur in sympatry because of the partitioning of habitat use and resources at different spatial and temporal scales. Understanding co-occurrence patterns of species may assist in explaining patterns of habitat selection, which is important when planning conservation actions for threatened species. Little is known about the ecological preferences of Asian hill partridges, ...

Two commercial flocks of Chinese partridge experienced increased mortality associated with a wasting disease at 120-day old in June 2006. Postmortem examination of dead chickens consistently showed visceral tissues mainly proventriculus, liver and spleen were diffuse enlargement. Microscopic examination revealed masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures were seen in various t...

—A novel nuclear marker, the avian ovomucoid intron G (OVOG) was sequenced from 19 galliform taxa. Results of the phylogenetic analyses using OVOG were compared to those obtained using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene to determine the phylogenetic utility of OVOG. OVOG appeared to have strong phylogenetic signal for reconstructing relationships among genera and families, and the only ...

The ultimate goal of most translocation efforts is to create a self-sustaining wild population of a species deliberately moved from one part of their range to another. As follow-up of a translocation attempt is often difficult, causes for failure are relatively unknown. Dispersal away from the release site is one potential source of failure because it decreases the likelihood of the released po...

Among bird species, the most studied major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the chicken MHC. Although the number of studies on MHC in free-ranging species is increasing, the knowledge on MHC variation in species closely related to chicken is required to understand the peculiarities of bird MHC evolution. Here we describe the variation of MHC class IIB (MHCIIB) exon 2 in a population of the G...