The control of language use has in its simplest form perhaps been most intensively studied using the color-word Stroop task. The authors review chronometric and neuroimaging evidence on Stroop task performance to evaluate two prominent, implemented models of control in naming and reading: GRAIN and WEAVER++. Computer simulations are reported, which reveal that WEAVER++ offers a more satisfactor...

Markov models provide a general framework for analyzing and interpreting time dependencies in psychological applications. Recent work extended Markov models to the case of latent states because frequently psychological states are not directly observable and subject to measurement error. This article presents a further generalization of latent Markov models to allow for the analysis of rating da...

The mental process of comparing numbers is shown to follow the principles of Relative Judgment Theory. Martingale predictions of the theory are confirmed in an extensive study of numerical comparisons using the Method of Symmetric Differences. The theory is then used as a tool to reveal the Psychonumeric Function relating psychological difference to numerical difference. This function transform...

This review covers age-dating methods applied to young stellar populations in starburst galaxies with ages of 10 yr and less. First, recent advances in stellar modeling, both for the interior and the atmospheres, are discussed and spectral lines and colors suitable for age-dating are identified. These age indicators are then applied to single stellar populations, the simplest building blocks of...

Machine recognition of different patterns is termed pattern recognition. The assignation of patterns in sensory signals to knowledge is also known as classification. Organisms constantly classify their sensory perceptions to highlight this. Mathematical pattern recognition can be demonstrated with the following situation: There are one of the coincidentally determined patterns, from a finite bu...

When describing known places from memory, patients with left spatial neglect may mention more right- than left-sided items, thus showing representational, or imaginal, neglect. This suggests that these patients cannot either build or explore left locations in visual mental imagery. However, in place description there is no guarantee that patients are really employing visual mental imagery abili...