This review paper will report on some recent discoveries in the area of Formal Languages, chie y by F. Otto, G. Buntrock and G. Niemann. These discoveries have pointed out certain break-throughs connected with the concept of growing contextsensitive languages, which originated in the 1980's with a paper by E. Dahlhaus and M.K. Warmuth. One important result is that the deterministic growing cont...

1 Two kinds of phonotactics I contrast the notions of “absolute phonotactics” and “comparative phonotactics.” Absolute phonotactics is the study of well-formedness in phonology. The topic has a long history, but was laid out with particular cogency by Chomsky and Halle (1965), who noted that speakers have phonotactic judgments even of words they have never heard before; thus blick [blɪk] is non...

To simplify the design of compilers, Noam Chomsky proposed to first transform a description programming language—which is usually given in form context-free grammar—into simplified “normal” form. A natural question is: why this specific normal form? In paper, we provide an answer question.

2. Counterexamples to Disjoint Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1. Sentence Internal Split Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2. Intersentential Split Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3. Inclusive Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4. Co...

The mainstream of syntax analysis has been discussing the question of mathematical complexity of natural language parsingmostly in relation to the well-known Chomsky-hierarchy. There are however other grammar models with different complexity-hierarchies that are worth looking at. This paper presents a grammar for ai! that parses with linear complexity in a non-PSGformalism, while a PSG for this...