The influence of choline availability on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of the awake rat was investigated using the microdialysis procedure. Three treatments enhancing choline availability for basal and atropine-evoked ACh release were evaluated: acute administration of choline chloride (20 mg/kg i.p.); pretreatment of animals with nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg s.c.) 2 hr before atro...

Herein, choline chloride was loaded into PLGA nanoparticles to ensure its controlled release. Encapsulation efficiencies (EE) and loading capacities (LC) of them were determined. Also, the produced analyzed with Zetasizer, FT-IR, SEM, XRD. The surfaces functionalized by labeling three different natural lanthanide metals Europium, Gadolinium, Lutetium expand diagnostic therapeutic capabilities i...

Hexagonal boron nitride is a promising material for variety of electronic, optical, and science applications. Both the synthesis through exfoliation, its various applications almost inevitably require solvation. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are extremely useful these types due to their non-volatility, inflammability, biocompatibility, reasonable cost. There many different deep available, suitab...

We define an empirical descriptor of eutectic depth that allows easy comparison between mixtures distinct chemical nature. The molecular origin the large melting point depressions observed for deep solvents (DESs) is discussed through examples three well-studied mixtures: urea + choline chloride, ethylene glycol chloride and (–)-menthol thymol. show link state-of-the-art knowledge DES liquid mi...

Novel eutectic mixtures have been produced using calcium chloride hexahydrate as the hydrogen bond acceptor, together with ethylene glycol donor. The liquids are found to increased conductivity, decreased viscosity and a lower glass transition temperature compared most deep solvents quaternary ammonium salts. Additionally, metal speciation was be almost same in commonly-used choline chloride: D...

Choline. Choline has been identified as a required nutrient for many species including humans, chicks, and pigs. Choline is found in low concentrations in most feeds, ranging from 0.04% in corn silage and alfalfa hay to 0.3% in protein sources such as soybean meal and cottonseed meal (DM basis). Its low concentrations in feeds are indicative of the low amounts required by livestock (e.g. 3 g/da...