Binding kinetics of the multivalent proteins peanut agglutinin (PnA) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) to a GM1-doped 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid bilayer were investigated by both second-harmonic correlation spectroscopy (SHCS) and a traditional equilibrium binding isotherm. Adsorption and desorption rates, as well as binding affinity and binding free energy, for three...

The ability of activated B cells to protect against various experimental autoimmune or allergic diseases makes them attractive for use in cell-based therapies. We describe an efficient way to generate B cells with strong suppressive functions by incubating naive B cells with a relevant Ag conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). This allows most B cells, irrespective of BCR, to take up and ...

Many individual therapeutic strategies involving oral delivery of diabetes autoantigens such as insulin and GAD have been shown to provide partial short term suppression of organ specific type 1 diabetes autoimmunity (Weiner et al. 1991; Zhang et al. 1991; Nakayama et al. 2005). However, few individual therapies have been able to demonstrate effective, safe and persistent protection against typ...

Six peptides corresponding to various segments of the B subunit of cholera toxin have been synthesized and covalently linked to tetanus toxoid. Of the antibodies raised in rabbits against these conjugates, four crossreacted to different extents with the intact B subunit and whole native cholera toxin. Antisera to the peptide of sequence 75-85 were not crossreactive, whereas elongation by six am...

Chapter 1: Literature Review I. Allergic Responses II. Animal Allergy Models III. Cholera Toxin and Heat Labile Toxin Chapter 2: Cholera Toxin or Escherichia coli Heat Labile Toxin Subunit B and Mouse Peanut Allergy Model I. Abstract I

Hybridization probes derived from the A and B subunit genes of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli were used to analyze DNA from Vibrio cholera strain 569B for cholera toxin gene sequences. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cholera toxin A and B subunit genes were each duplicated in the strain. One of the two toxin subunit gene pairs was cloned as a 5.1-kilobase DNA ins...

Mucosal administration of Ag conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) can efficiently induce peripheral immunologic tolerance, so-called oral tolerance, associated with development of Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Using an established sublingual tolerization regimen with Ag(OVA)/CTB conjugate, wherein CTB mediates Ag uptake and presentation by most B lymphocytes irrespecti...

knowing the nucleotide sequence of the cholera toxin operon, we designed oligonucleotide primers for its-pcr amplification from local clinical isolates of v. cholerae. the resulting amplification product was cloned in a common puc18 vector. subsequently, a part of this operon encoding the cholera toxin bsubunit (ctb) was reamplified and cloned between the bamh1 and ecor1 sites of the same vecto...