Introduction Kenya experienced widespread cholera outbreaks in 1997-1999 and 2007-2010. The re-emergence of cholera in Kenya in 2015 indicates that cholera remains a public health threat. Understanding past outbreaks is important for preventing future outbreaks. This study investigated the relationship between cholera occurrence in Kenya and various environmental and demographic factors related...

INTRODUCTION Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the  cholera outbreak in a Coastal Region of Ghana. METHODS Two districts; High and Low Incidence Areas (HIA and LIA) were selected in comparative cost analysis a...

We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for the 2014 cholera outbreak in Juba County, South Sudan. Illness was associated with traveling or eating away from home; treating drinking water and receiving oral cholera vaccination were protective. Oral cholera vaccination should be used to complement cholera prevention efforts.

The 21st century saw a shift in the cholera burden from Asia to Africa. The risk factors for cholera outbreaks in Africa are incompletely understood, and the traditional emphasis on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and hygiene has proven remarkably insufficient to contain outbreaks. Current killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are safe and guarantee a high level ...

Cholera is an old well-known bacterial diarrhea. It is a severe diarrhoeal disease transmitted via the feco-oral route and commonly associated with poor sanitation (1). Every year, more than 100,000 cholera cases and 2,000-3,000 deaths are officially reported to World Health Organization (WHO) (2). The real figures for cholera are thought to be much higher, however, due to underreporting and ot...

Cholera was largely eliminated from industrialized countries by water and sewage treatment over a century ago. Today it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, where it is a marker for inadequate drinking water and sanitation infrastructure. Death from cholera can be prevented through simple treatment-oral, or in severe cases, intravenous rehydration. The...

The cholera enterotoxin produces intestinal secretion associated with an elevation of tissue levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monosphosphate (cAMP). The objectives of this study were to determine whether intestinal secretion and cAMP elevation induced by cholera toxin could be prevented, or once initiated, reversed by nicotinic acid, an agent known...

follows. 1.?Is cholera developed in India spontaneously, and is it always produced in other countries by transmission from abroad ? 2?Is it capable of being transmitted by travellers from one country another ? 3.?Can it be transmitted by articles used by cholera Patients? 4.?Can it be transmitted by provisions? 5.?Can it transmitted by living animals, or the corpses of animals who ^ave died fro...

OBJECTIVE To study the drug sensitivity pattern of cholera in children. SETTING DTU of Civil Hospital, Karachi. PATIENTS AND METHODS All children age 2 months to 15 years attending Diarrhoea Treatment Unit (DTU) with acute onset of diarrhoea and dehydration were screened for cholera. Stool samples were collected in alkaline peptone and those positive for cholera had their antibiotic sensiti...

Significance Two major serotypes of Vibrio cholerae circulate globally and cause pandemic cholera, but how infection or vaccination with each serotype impacts immune responses subsequent protection against future by the pathogen is not well-known. We engineered matched variants a new oral cholera vaccine candidate, HaitiV, to investigate effect variation on immunogenicity protective efficacy. O...