Abstract Acetolactate synthase genes (ALS) have successfully been modified for providing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in many plant species. Based on sequence and expression analyses, we confirmed VvALS1 as the best functional ALS candidate grapevine. To develop an ALS-based herbicide selection system facilitating grape transformation, firstly evaluated responses of Vitis vinifera cv...

Aminooxyacetate, a known inhibitor of transaminase reactions and glycine decarboxylase, promotes rapid depletion of the free pools of serine and aspartate in nitrate grown Lemna minor L. This compound markedly inhibits the methionine sulfoximine-induced accumulation of free ammonium ions and greatly restricts the methionine sulfoximine-induced depletion of amino acids such as glutamate, alanine...

Under controlled-environment conditions, ethametsulfuron-methyl doses that inhibited growth by 50% (ED(50)) were >100 and <1 g of active ingredient (ai) ha(-)(1) for ethametsulfuron-methyl-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) wild mustard, respectively. There were no differences between the two biotypes with regard to absorption and translocation of the herbicide. Three days after treatment, appr...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) microsomes catalyzed the cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the herbicide diclofop to three hydroxy-diclofop isomers. Hydroxylation was predominant at carbon 4, with migration of chlorine to carbon 5 (67%) and carbon 3 (25%). The 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy isomer was identified as a minor reaction product (8%). Substrate-specificity studies show...

Investigations were carried out with maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The effect of chlorsulfuron (CHF) on the electrophoretic profiles of the total and thermostable proteins, polypeptides and some antioxidant enzymes was compared to the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2-phenylurea (4PU-30) applied in concentrations that inhibit the growth of se...